Well...now I'm just going to rush through about what they've done and theorised..and..you'll find out...actually I might as well show this pictures so it's much quicker and easier to understand..I'm sure the answers for why the solar system was designed to be the way it was before would be easy to understand.
Ptomely..
•Ptolemy devised widely-accepted theory to explain apparent motion of Sun and planets across sky.But... basic model could not explain retrograde motion (reverse motion of planets) of planets so several modifications were introduced.
•Ptolemy devised widely-accepted theory to explain apparent motion of Sun and planets across sky.But... basic model could not explain retrograde motion (reverse motion of planets) of planets so several modifications were introduced.
..The Ptolemaic SystemCopernicus..
Polish canon Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) worked on a Sun-centred or heliocentric model of the solar system from 1503 onwards
Heliocentric model was no simpler than the prevailing Ptolemaic system but did do away with equants and allowed the order of the planets from the sun to be deduced unambiguously.
Heliocentric model was no simpler than the prevailing Ptolemaic system but did do away with equants and allowed the order of the planets from the sun to be deduced unambiguously.
The Heliocentric model:
–partly explained the retrograde motion of the planets
–could not predict their exact locations, but ephemerides based on Copernicus (Prutenic Tables) were much more accurate then those based on Ptolemaic system (Alfonsine Tables).
–partly explained the retrograde motion of the planets
–could not predict their exact locations, but ephemerides based on Copernicus (Prutenic Tables) were much more accurate then those based on Ptolemaic system (Alfonsine Tables).
Tycho Brahe..
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), Danish nobleman, founded modern observational astronomy
Motivated by the fact that a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn predicted by Prutenic Tables (Copernican model) was in error by 2 days
Attempted to measure the distance to Mars by parallax method – unsuccessful but his detailed observations provided the raw data for Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion
Nova (1572) – overturned Aristotelian view of perfect, unchanging Universe.
Comet (1577) – Tycho demonstrated that comets were celestial not atmospheric objects
–cometary orbit took it through crystal spheres on which celestial object were assumed to be fixed, hence crystal spheres do not exist.
Motivated by the fact that a conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn predicted by Prutenic Tables (Copernican model) was in error by 2 days
Attempted to measure the distance to Mars by parallax method – unsuccessful but his detailed observations provided the raw data for Kepler to develop his laws of planetary motion
Nova (1572) – overturned Aristotelian view of perfect, unchanging Universe.
Comet (1577) – Tycho demonstrated that comets were celestial not atmospheric objects
–cometary orbit took it through crystal spheres on which celestial object were assumed to be fixed, hence crystal spheres do not exist.
Kepler...
In the early 1600s Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), German mathematician, finally produced three laws of planetary motion: Kepler’s laws.
Worked with Tycho Brahe from 1600-1601 and on Brahe’s death took over his observatory
Using Tycho Brahe’s observations of Mars he was able firstly to deduce his equal area rule (K2), then that the planet had to have an elliptical orbit (K1).
Kepler's 1st law:
Using Tycho Brahe’s observations of Mars he was able firstly to deduce his equal area rule (K2), then that the planet had to have an elliptical orbit (K1).
Kepler's 1st law:
1.Each planet moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit with the Sun at one focus (the other focus is empty)
Kepler's 2nd law:
2.Each planet moves so that an imaginary line joining the centre of the planet to the centre of the Sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times. In the diagram above the planet moves from A to B and C to D in the same amount of time – the two shaded wedges have equal areas. This means that planets move fastest when closest to the Sun (perihelion) and slowest when they are furthest away (aphelion).
Kepler's 3rd law:
(The maths bit)
The square of the time taken for a planet to complete one orbit is proportional to the cube of its mean distance from the Sun.
Expressed mathematically as
T^2 = kr^3
T = orbital period of planet, r = mean distance of planet from Sun (semi-major axis), k = constant
If two bodies are in orbit around the Sun or a planet their two orbits scale as
(T1 / T2)^2 = (r1 / r2)^3
where 1 and 2 are the two orbiting bodies .
Expressed mathematically as
T^2 = kr^3
T = orbital period of planet, r = mean distance of planet from Sun (semi-major axis), k = constant
If two bodies are in orbit around the Sun or a planet their two orbits scale as
(T1 / T2)^2 = (r1 / r2)^3
where 1 and 2 are the two orbiting bodies .
I think that the information here are just facts, it's better to research on their biographies to know EXACTLY how they worked it out, perhaps try wikipedia.
But anyway that is all for now!!
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Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Leonardo DA Vinci
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